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While not rejecting the concept of global intelligence (as conceptualized by his teacher Charles Spearman), he divided the concept of intelligence into two main areas: verbal and performance (non-verbal) scales, each evaluated with different subtests. Instead, he assigned an arbitrary value of 100 to the mean intelligence and added or subtracted another 15 points for each standard deviation above or below the mean the subject was. First, he did away with the quotient scores of older intelligence tests (the Q in "I.Q."). The Wechsler scales introduced many novel concepts and breakthroughs to the intelligence testing movement. The tests are still based on his philosophy that intelligence is "the global capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with environment" (cited in Kaplan & Saccuzzo, p. Wechsler originally created these tests to find out more about his patients at the Bellevue clinic and he found the then-current Binet IQ test unsatisfactory. From these he derived the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) in 1949 and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) in 1967. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was developed first in 1939 and then called the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Test. Although his test did not directly measure nonintellective factors, it took these factors into careful account in its underlying theory. Wechsler objected to the single score offered by the 1937 Binet scale. He emphasized that factors other than intellectual ability are involved in intelligent behavior. He was one of the most influential advocates of the role of nonintellective factors in testing. Wechsler is best known for his intelligence tests. He died in 1981, his psychological tests already being highly respected. During World War I he worked with the United States Army to develop psychological tests to screen new draftees while studying under Charles Spearman and Karl Pearson.Īfter short stints at various locations (including five years in private practice), Wechsler became chief psychologist at Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital in 1932, where he stayed until 1967. He studied at the City College of New York and Columbia University, where he earned his master's degree in 1917 and his Ph.D. Wechsler was born in a family in Lespezi, Romania, and immigrated with his parents to the United States as a child. He developed well-known intelligence scales, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). He studied at the City College of New Y David "Wex" Wechsler (Janu– May 2, 1981) was a leading American psychologist. David "Wex" Wechsler (Janu– May 2, 1981) was a leading American psychologist.